Benjamin Thompson's birthplace is recorded as Medfield, Massachusetts, which was the home of his mother's family, but it is not believed his family lived there, suggesting that perhaps his mother was staying with her parents during her pregnancy (perhaps Medfield had better medical care, given it was a more established community at the time).

Benjamin married Martha Darling, a daughter of another one of Mendon's founding families, in 1726. They were married for fifty-six years and had thirteen children, although their first died in infancy.

Between 1737 and 1739 (based on the birthplace records of his children), he moved his family to the newly created town of Smithfield, Rhode Island, and appears to have held some administrative standing in the community. During his time there he joins an investment group purchasing land in southern New Hampshire for the purpose of establishing a settlement community, which provides the destination for the next migration of our leg of the Thompson family.

At some point he moves back to the Thompson family home in Bellingham, where he lives until his death in 1786.